You looked and saw that only the center portion of the image got through the lens.
I would expect that's because normal construction lenses are much easier to correct for all the various aberrations. Top quality modern lenses (out of my price range, but perhaps including some of the OPs Nikon lenses) use aspherical elements, and exotic glass such as 'extra low dispersion' to improve matters. I'm not so sure your 'invariably' applies with them.
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