In fact, my understanding was that the US had introduced the "e-Passport" (the passport with a biometric chip inside) and "invited" all countries in the world to adhere to the new format.
I had my italian passport renewed 4-5 years ago and had to spend $100+ to upgrade to the new e-Passport. Without one, all Europeans who wanted to come to the US for tourism had to get visas even though EU citizens are not supposed to be required one for up to three months stay.
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