The wooden camera is the 8x10 version of the Tachihara field camera, no longer made for many years. I have the 4x5. I'm not sure what the wooden box-like frame in the later photo is. As with the Linhold, you'll have to extend the bellows and see what kind of shape they're in. I had mine replaced by Richard Ritter in VT (who also makes cameras) with a synthetic material. He also adjusted and fixed a long-term issue on the camera for me. He charges very reasonably and does excellent work. (He's also a member of the forum here.
https://www.lg4mat.net/)
The "data ring" on lenses is the flat, front-facing ring around the front element of the lens, as shown in a couple of your images. It tells the focal length of the lens (e.g., 180mm, 270mm), the maximum (widest) aperture setting, or f number (e.g., f/5.6, f/9), usually the screw thread diameter for screw -in filters or lens hoods (e.g., 67mm often shown with the O with a diagonal line through it), adn the lens manufacturer, such as Schneider-Kreuznach.
One lens you have is a lens for a printing, not the camera, unless so mounted. It's the one that goes from 5.6 - 22, I believe, in click stops.
I'll let others comment on the spotting on the lenses. It may just be dust, but could be something else they can speak to.
You have a real treasure chest, and it will take time to pull it all together, but what an adventure!
A luthier, eh? Violins or guitars (or lutes)?
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