Originally Posted by
DanK
2 - This involves a few factors - First normal development must be found - The manufacturers 'Normal' may be different that what you will find normal, again matched to your camera, lens, meter, developer, film, etc. Longer and shorter deviations from normal effect upper values more-so than the low values. The common term - Expose for the shadows, Develop for the highlights - comes from this. After #1 is found, you can find your 'Normal Development' by adjusting development times.
Expanding and Contracting development times relates to adjusting your development time to the metered scene - you can extend or reduce the range of contrast in a scene through changes in development.
Pushing and pulling development is a bit different, and usually relates to purposely exposing a film at higher or lower ISO than your normal EI, and then compensating with longer or shorter times.
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