Hi,
I've emailed a few lens experts and gotten no agreement on what these 2 1/4 inch long lenses are.
I got three of them, which were on sale from an estate along with a Holmes BH and a CC Harrison portrait petzvals. Because of this association, the ancient patina since cleaned, the fact that there were three, and the quality "rope-like" beading, I suspect they are gem camera lenses. But some aren't so sure.
Though there is no mounting threads, the elements are larger than the barrel. I've seen some older multi lens cameras where lenses are inserted into holes in a wooden lensboard. The focal length is about 4.5 inches, and notice the permanent stop at the end of the barrel. There is only glass in the one end. I see two reflections, the rear appears flat, the front convex. There is no way to remove the glass from the front fixture.
One had the stop removed, and it's pretty soft, not excessively so. Interestingly, it will cover halfplate at still life distances.
I'm thinking the lenses are: Gem or CDV, early American. Any other guesses?
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