Well, what you want is a predictable translation from scene luminosities into negative densities. As others have said, the best wat to learn about that is to learn how to test for oneself, since a whole host of things matter, from the temperature, the time of day, shutter accuracy, meter, metering technique, flare, .....

For general exposure/development testing, I prefer the method outlined in the Zone VI Workshop, although I work in 1/3 stop increments instead of 1/2 stop.

For bellows factor, I use a target and ruler to figure out compensation for a given lens, i.e. +1/3, +1/2, +2/3....and I figure out the bellows extensions that give those values. Then I make marks on the bed of the camera, I use us a small tape measure, to figure these things out. If you only use a few lenses, pretty soon you can just guess quite accurately.

For reciprocity failure, I test myself. Reciprocity, as mentioned above, can affect both overall density and contrast.